Toxins are poisonous substances that can cause various adverse effects on human health and the environment. In the context of cosmetic and pharmaceutical products, the detection and monitoring of toxins through toxicity testing is crucial to ensure the safety and…
Pharmaceutical products, particularly halal cosmetics, are currently in high demand among the 2.4 billion Muslim consumers worldwide. Besides the large Muslim population showing high loyalty to halal products, halal cosmetics also have broader market appeal among non-Muslim consumers, who perceive…
Mosquitoes, especially those of the Aedes, Anopheles, and Culex species, are disturbing plagues in urban areas. They not only disturb but can also spread deadly diseases such as hemorrhagic fever, chikungunya, malaria, and filariasis. The spread of disease by mosquitoes…
Cosmetic products are an integral part of everyday life, used to enhance the appearance and health of the skin. However, behind the attractive packaging and promises of beauty, there is a complex process that ensures that the product is safe…
Pendahuluan Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan larva nyamuk mempunyai implikasi penting terhadap penularan penyakit. Komponen abiotik dan biotik lingkungan larva mempengaruhi kecepatan perkembangan, ukuran dewasa, dan kemungkinan kelangsungan hidup hingga dewasa. Selain itu, faktor larva ini membantu menentukan karakteristik larva dewasa, termasuk…
Sebagian besar penelitian sebelumnya berfokus terutama pada ekologi oviposisi dari habitat larva dan kelimpahan spesies Aedes di berbagai wilayah perkotaan. Namun, aktivitas menggigit, fekunditas dan kelangsungan hidup individu Aedes albopictus betina tidak diketahui sebagai respons terhadap tingkat urbanisasi. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana perubahan…
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