Introduction to Pharmaceutical Semisolid Preparations
Semisolid preparations are semi-solid pharmaceutical formulations intended for topical application by being directly applied to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. Ointments, creams, pastes, and gels are types of semisolid preparations. These semisolid formulations can be designed for both local and systemic administration.
According to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, 6th Edition, creams are semisolid preparations consisting of one or more active ingredients dispersed in a base, either as a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion. Creams are a type of semisolid preparation that contain a significant amount of water, making them easy to rinse off.
According to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, 6th Edition, ointments are semisolid preparations intended for topical application on the skin or mucous membranes. Ointments may contain active ingredients (medicinal substances) or be non-medicated. Non-medicated ointments are typically used to protect the skin from irritation, soften and moisturize the skin, and reduce friction on the skin surface. Ointments are suitable for long-term moisturizing of dry skin.
In contrast, pastes, as defined by the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia, 6th Edition, are semisolid preparations containing one or more medicinal substances for topical use. Pastes have a higher concentration of solid substances compared to creams and ointments, giving them a stiffer texture. Pastes are also well-suited for prolonged skin protection.
Gels are a type of semisolid preparation consisting of small or large molecules dispersed in a water-based liquid carrier with a jelly-like consistency, due to the addition of thickening agents. Examples of thickening agents that can be used include carbomer 934, carboxymethylcellulose, and tragacanth.
Author: Devira
Reference:
Allen, L. V., Popovich, N. G., & Ansel, H. C. (2012). Ansel’s pharmaceutical dosage forms and drug delivery systems: Ninth edition. In Ansel’s Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems: Ninth Edition. https://doi.org/10.1177/875512251002600315.
Departemen Kesehatan RI. Farmakope Indonesia edisi VI. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 2020.
